Keir Starmer has promised to slash “sky high” migration numbers if Labour wins the election.
The Labour leader said last year's net migration figure of 685,000 has "got to come down" as he vowed to "control our borders and make sure British businesses are helped to hire Brits first".
He also hit out at successive Conservative governments for promising but failing to cut the numbers.
But Sir Keir is facing a backlash from sections of his own party over the policy.
And both he and his shadow home secretary Yvette Cooper have refused to set a target - or a timeline - for their plans.
Ms Cooper also refused to rule out sending asylum seekers abroad to have their claims processed, a move which, unlike Rishi Sunak’s Rwanda plan, would not necessarily be a one-way ticket.
Home secretary James Cleverly accused the Labour leader of telling voters what he thinks they “want to hear”.
“This is yet another day where Starmer will say what he thinks people want to hear during an election because he lacks conviction to say what he believes. A Labour government would allow open door immigration, making the UK a magnet for illegal migrants," he said.
Left-wing campaign group Momentum told the Independent the Labour leader was "embracing the Tories' race to the bottom" and the plans would put members off campaigning for the party between now and polling day.
A spokesman for the group said: "Four years ago Keir promised to make the positive case for immigration, and build a system based on compassion and dignity. He's done quite the opposite, embracing not just (ex-Tory MP) Natalie Elphicke but her anti-migrant politics. Labour should stop embracing the Tories' race to the bottom and set out a new approach, including expanded safe routes for refugees."
It is not the first time Labour has come under fire from its own activists over its migration plans. In 2015 it faced attacks from party members after it released a branded mug that promised “Controls on immigration”.
The migration plan will be part of Labour’s election manifesto.
Included will be new laws to ban law-breaking employers from hiring foreign workers and to train more Britons.
A Labour government would bar bosses who break employment law - for example by failing to pay workers the minimum wage - from hiring staff from overseas.
It would also legislate to link the immigration system to training, with businesses applying for foreign worker visas having to also train Britons to do the jobs.
The immigration debate has been fuelled by the latest figures, which were published a day after Rishi Sunak called the surprise election date.
Labour declined to set a target, but last year shadow cabinet minister Darren Jones said a Labour government would cut net migration to a “couple of hundred thousand a year” within five years, a figure he described as “normal”. Ms Cooper said the party would not set a target because when the Conservatives did so - and failed to meet it - it “discredited the whole system”.
Making the announcement, Sir Keir told The Sun on Sunday: "Read my lips - I will bring immigration numbers down. If you trust me with the keys to No 10 I will make you this promise: I will control our borders and make sure British businesses are helped to hire Brits first."
He added: "This is a changed Labour Party back in the service of working people. That means not just talking about sky-high migration but acting on it."
He said the 685,000 migration number is "the second highest on record" and "it's got to come down".
"I'm not going to duck the challenge."
Sir Keir said employers have become "too reliant" on workers from overseas and "should always have a choice of recruiting a British worker first".
The Migration Advisory Committee, Industrial Strategy Council and Skills England would be brought together to deliver the plan.
Sir Keir said the move would also help reduce the benefits bill.
The Labour leader hit out at successive Conservative governments for failing to cut numbers.
"The Conservatives repeatedly say they are going to cut these numbers," Sir Keir said. "They have never done it. They have completely failed.”
The plans were backed by Labour peer Shami Chakrabarti, who is on the left of the party.
She said the principle was one she could “get behind and it is not nasty… like the (PM’s) Rwanda plan”.
The Conservatives accused Labour of a "U-turn" on Sir Keir's principles. This is the man who “voted against tougher border controls 139 times," a spokesperson added.
Conservative candidate, and former minister, Jonathan Gullis said "nobody buys" Sir Keir's plans.
Scotland’s SNP health secretary Neil Gray described the policy as “gutless economic self-harm”.
The party’s Westminster leader Stephen Flynn accused Labour of a “race to the right-wing” and warned the plan could impact key public services. “(The) NHS and wider public services would not function without our essential migrant workforce. Business would not be able to grow without our essential migrant workforce,” he warned.
The Greens also accused Sir Keir of "stoking division and adopting the anti-migrant rhetoric of Nigel Farage... instead of welcoming the important role people choosing to work in the UK play.”
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